Rulers of Wei
The foundation for the kingdom of Wei was laid down by Cao Cao. Better known for its riders due to the central plains. With deserts at the western and northern edges to the central plains where Cao Cao started out his conquest. Its southern border is pretty uncertain due to the many skirmishes and war with the Wu Kingdom but most agree that the southern border is northern bank of the Yangtze river. Its capital is Xuchang and later Luoyang.
Rulers of Shu
The Kingdom of Shu or Shu Han was founded by Liu Bei. Located in the west, it is protected by mountains to the north making it easy to defend and hard to attack. Barbarian tribes populate its southern most provinces. Its capital is Chengdu.
Rulers of Wu
Sun Quan's short-lived elder brother Sun Ce laid down the foundation for the kingdom of Wu. Initially starting out as a small country in the southeastern part of China. It eventually grew into one which is capable of contending for power with Wei and Shu. It has natural geographical barrier which is the Yangtze river to the north where its border end. The western border which meets with the kingdom of Shu covers Jingzhou which is one of the most heavily contested piece of territory. Its capital is Jianye.
Other Warlords
This page cover mostly the warlords who were subdued or vanquished prior to the establishment of the three kingdoms.
Something Interesting......
Artillery battle between Cao Cao & Yuan Shao at Guandu
Yuan Shao, in his bid to crush Cao Cao by capturing Guandu in order to pave the way to capture Cao Cao's main base at Xuchang ordered more than 50 mounds to be built in front of Cao Cao's encampment. Since it is unwise to mount a head-on assault on Cao Cao's camp due to the defensive fortifications and ditch/moats surrounding the fort, Yuan Shao mounted an artillery battle to drive Cao Cao out of his defensive perimeter. From the top of the mounds being built, archers stationed on the towers rained down deadly swarms of arrows to slaughter Cao Cao's troops inside the encampment.
Being numerically weak, Cao Cao couldn't order a counterattack so he retaliated by ordering hundreds of catapults to be built overnight. In this counter artillery barrage, Cao Cao's forces triumph as rocks and stones smashed Yuan Shao's towers. An interesting case of "stone" artillery versus "egg" artillery.